diff --git a/app/gui/ui.py b/app/gui/ui.py
index 37e406f..9597d0c 100644
--- a/app/gui/ui.py
+++ b/app/gui/ui.py
@@ -1,521 +1,521 @@
-"""UI helpers and reusable Tk callbacks."""
-
-from __future__ import annotations
-
-import tkinter as tk
-import tkinter.font as tkfont
-from tkinter import ttk
-
-
-class UIBuilderMixin:
-    """Constructs the Tkinter UI and common widgets."""
-
-    def setup_ui(self) -> None:
-        self._create_titlebar()
-
-        toolbar = ttk.Frame(self.root)
-        toolbar.pack(fill=tk.X, padx=12, pady=(4, 2))
-        buttons = [
-            ("📂  Bild laden", self.load_image),
-            ("📁  Ordner laden", self.load_folder),
-            ("🎨  Farbe wählen", self.choose_color),
-            ("🖱  Farbe aus Bild klicken", self.enable_pick_mode),
-            ("💾  Overlay speichern", self.save_overlay),
-            ("🧹  Excludes löschen", self.clear_excludes),
-            ("↩  Letztes Exclude entfernen", self.undo_exclude),
-            ("🔄  Slider zurücksetzen", self.reset_sliders),
-            ("🌓  Theme umschalten", self.toggle_theme),
-        ]
-        self._toolbar_buttons: list[dict[str, object]] = []
-        self._nav_buttons: list[tk.Button] = []
-
-        buttons_frame = ttk.Frame(toolbar)
-        buttons_frame.pack(side=tk.LEFT)
-        for text, command in buttons:
-            self._add_toolbar_button(buttons_frame, text, command)
-
-        status_container = ttk.Frame(toolbar)
-        status_container.pack(side=tk.RIGHT, expand=True, fill=tk.X)
-        self.status = ttk.Label(
-            status_container,
-            text="Keine Datei geladen.",
-            anchor="e",
-            foreground="#efefef",
-        )
-        self.status.pack(fill=tk.X)
-        self._attach_copy_menu(self.status)
-        self.status_default_text = self.status.cget("text")
-        self._status_palette = {"fg": self.status.cget("foreground")}
-
-        palette_frame = ttk.Frame(self.root)
-        palette_frame.pack(fill=tk.X, padx=12, pady=(6, 8))
-        ttk.Label(palette_frame, text="Beispielfarben:").pack(side=tk.LEFT, padx=(0, 8))
-        swatch_container = ttk.Frame(palette_frame)
-        swatch_container.pack(side=tk.LEFT)
-        for name, hex_code in self._preset_colours():
-            self._add_palette_swatch(swatch_container, name, hex_code)
-
-        sliders_frame = ttk.Frame(self.root)
-        sliders_frame.pack(fill=tk.X, padx=12, pady=4)
-        sliders = [
-            ("Hue Min (°)", self.hue_min, 0, 360),
-            ("Hue Max (°)", self.hue_max, 0, 360),
-            ("Sättigung Min (%)", self.sat_min, 0, 100),
-            ("Helligkeit Min (%)", self.val_min, 0, 100),
-            ("Helligkeit Max (%)", self.val_max, 0, 100),
-            ("Overlay Alpha", self.alpha, 0, 255),
-        ]
-        for index, (label, variable, minimum, maximum) in enumerate(sliders):
-            self.add_slider_with_value(sliders_frame, label, variable, minimum, maximum, column=index)
-            sliders_frame.grid_columnconfigure(index, weight=1)
-
-        main = ttk.Frame(self.root)
-        main.pack(fill=tk.BOTH, expand=True, padx=12, pady=12)
-
-        left_column = ttk.Frame(main)
-        left_column.pack(side=tk.LEFT, fill=tk.BOTH, expand=True, padx=(0, 6))
-        left_column.grid_columnconfigure(1, weight=1)
-        left_column.grid_rowconfigure(0, weight=1)
-
-        self._create_navigation_button(left_column, "◀", self.show_previous_image, column=0)
-
-        self.canvas_orig = tk.Canvas(left_column, bg="#1e1e1e", highlightthickness=0, relief="flat")
-        self.canvas_orig.grid(row=0, column=1, sticky="nsew")
-        self.canvas_orig.bind("<Button-1>", self.on_canvas_click)
-        self.canvas_orig.bind("<ButtonPress-3>", self._exclude_start)
-        self.canvas_orig.bind("<B3-Motion>", self._exclude_drag)
-        self.canvas_orig.bind("<ButtonRelease-3>", self._exclude_end)
-
-        right_column = ttk.Frame(main)
-        right_column.pack(side=tk.RIGHT, fill=tk.BOTH, expand=True, padx=(6, 0))
-        right_column.grid_columnconfigure(0, weight=1)
-        right_column.grid_rowconfigure(0, weight=1)
-
-        self.canvas_overlay = tk.Canvas(right_column, bg="#1e1e1e", highlightthickness=0, relief="flat")
-        self.canvas_overlay.grid(row=0, column=0, sticky="nsew")
-        self._create_navigation_button(right_column, "▶", self.show_next_image, column=1)
-
-
-        info_frame = ttk.Frame(self.root)
-        info_frame.pack(fill=tk.X, padx=12, pady=(0, 12))
-        self.filename_label = ttk.Label(
-            info_frame,
-            text="—",
-            foreground="#f2c744",
-            font=("Segoe UI", 10, "bold"),
-            anchor="center",
-            justify="center",
-        )
-        self.filename_label.pack(anchor="center")
-        self._attach_copy_menu(self.filename_label)
-
-        self.ratio_label = ttk.Label(
-            info_frame,
-            text="Treffer (mit Excludes): —",
-            foreground="#f2c744",
-            font=("Segoe UI", 10, "bold"),
-            anchor="center",
-            justify="center",
-        )
-        self.ratio_label.pack(anchor="center", pady=(4, 0))
-        self._attach_copy_menu(self.ratio_label)
-
-        self.root.bind("<Escape>", self.disable_pick_mode)
-        self.root.bind("<ButtonPress-1>", self._maybe_focus_window)
-
-    def add_slider_with_value(self, parent, text, var, minimum, maximum, column=0):
-        cell = ttk.Frame(parent)
-        cell.grid(row=0, column=column, sticky="we", padx=6)
-        header = ttk.Frame(cell)
-        header.pack(fill="x")
-        name_lbl = ttk.Label(header, text=text)
-        name_lbl.pack(side="left")
-        self._attach_copy_menu(name_lbl)
-        val_lbl = ttk.Label(header, text=f"{float(var.get()):.0f}")
-        val_lbl.pack(side="right")
-        self._attach_copy_menu(val_lbl)
-        style_name = getattr(self, "scale_style", "Horizontal.TScale")
-        ttk.Scale(
-            cell,
-            from_=minimum,
-            to=maximum,
-            orient="horizontal",
-            variable=var,
-            style=style_name,
-            command=self.on_slider_change,
-        ).pack(fill="x", pady=(2, 8))
-
-        def on_var_change(*_):
-            val_lbl.config(text=f"{float(var.get()):.0f}")
-
-        try:
-            var.trace_add("write", on_var_change)
-        except Exception:
-            var.trace("w", lambda *_: on_var_change())  # type: ignore[attr-defined]
-
-    def on_slider_change(self, *_):
-        if self._update_job is not None:
-            try:
-                self.root.after_cancel(self._update_job)
-            except Exception:
-                pass
-        self._update_job = self.root.after(self.update_delay_ms, self.update_preview)
-
-    def _preset_colours(self):
-        return [
-            ("Rot", "#ff3b30"),
-            ("Orange", "#ff9500"),
-            ("Gelb", "#ffd60a"),
-            ("Grün", "#34c759"),
-            ("Türkis", "#5ac8fa"),
-            ("Blau", "#0a84ff"),
-            ("Violett", "#af52de"),
-            ("Magenta", "#ff2d55"),
-            ("Weiß", "#ffffff"),
-            ("Grau", "#8e8e93"),
-            ("Schwarz", "#000000"),
-        ]
-
-    def _add_palette_swatch(self, parent, name: str, hex_code: str) -> None:
-        swatch = tk.Canvas(
-            parent,
-            width=24,
-            height=24,
-            highlightthickness=0,
-            background=hex_code,
-            bd=0,
-            relief="flat",
-            takefocus=1,
-            cursor="hand2",
-        )
-        swatch.pack(side=tk.LEFT, padx=4, pady=2)
-
-        def trigger(_event=None, colour=hex_code, label=name):
-            self.apply_sample_colour(colour, label)
-
-        swatch.bind("<Button-1>", trigger)
-        swatch.bind("<space>", trigger)
-        swatch.bind("<Return>", trigger)
-        swatch.bind("<Enter>", lambda _e: swatch.configure(cursor="hand2"))
-        swatch.bind("<Leave>", lambda _e: swatch.configure(cursor="arrow"))
-
-    def _add_toolbar_button(self, parent, text: str, command) -> None:
-        font = tkfont.Font(root=self.root, family="Segoe UI", size=9)
-        padding_x = 12
-        width = font.measure(text) + padding_x * 2
-        height = 28
-        radius = 9
-        bg = self.root.cget("bg") if hasattr(self.root, "cget") else "#f2f2f7"
-        canvas = tk.Canvas(
-            parent,
-            width=width,
-            height=height,
-            bd=0,
-            highlightthickness=0,
-            bg=bg,
-            relief="flat",
-            cursor="hand2",
-            takefocus=1,
-        )
-        canvas.pack(side=tk.LEFT, padx=4, pady=1)
-
-        palette = self._toolbar_palette()
-        rect_id = self._create_round_rect(
-            canvas,
-            1,
-            1,
-            width - 1,
-            height - 1,
-            radius,
-            fill=palette["normal"],
-            outline=palette["outline"],
-            width=1,
-        )
-        text_id = canvas.create_text(
-            width / 2,
-            height / 2,
-            text=text,
-            font=font,
-            fill=palette["text"],
-        )
-
-        button_data = {
-            "canvas": canvas,
-            "rect": rect_id,
-            "text_id": text_id,
-            "command": command,
-            "palette": palette.copy(),
-            "dimensions": (width, height, radius),
-        }
-        self._toolbar_buttons.append(button_data)
-
-        def set_fill(state: str) -> None:
-            pal: dict[str, str] = button_data["palette"]  # type: ignore[index]
-            canvas.itemconfigure(rect_id, fill=pal[state])  # type: ignore[index]
-
-        def execute():
-            command()
-
-        def on_press(_event=None):
-            set_fill("active")
-
-        def on_release(event=None):
-            if event is not None and (
-                event.x < 0 or event.y < 0 or event.x > width or event.y > height
-            ):
-                set_fill("normal")
-                return
-            set_fill("hover")
-            self.root.after_idle(execute)
-
-        def on_enter(_event):
-            set_fill("hover")
-
-        def on_leave(_event):
-            set_fill("normal")
-
-        def on_focus_in(_event):
-            pal: dict[str, str] = button_data["palette"]  # type: ignore[index]
-            canvas.itemconfigure(rect_id, outline=pal["outline_focus"])  # type: ignore[index]
-
-        def on_focus_out(_event):
-            pal: dict[str, str] = button_data["palette"]  # type: ignore[index]
-            canvas.itemconfigure(rect_id, outline=pal["outline"])  # type: ignore[index]
-
-        def invoke_keyboard(_event=None):
-            set_fill("active")
-            canvas.after(120, lambda: set_fill("hover"))
-            self.root.after_idle(execute)
-
-        canvas.bind("<ButtonPress-1>", on_press)
-        canvas.bind("<ButtonRelease-1>", on_release)
-        canvas.bind("<Enter>", on_enter)
-        canvas.bind("<Leave>", on_leave)
-        canvas.bind("<FocusIn>", on_focus_in)
-        canvas.bind("<FocusOut>", on_focus_out)
-        canvas.bind("<space>", invoke_keyboard)
-        canvas.bind("<Return>", invoke_keyboard)
-
-    @staticmethod
-    def _create_round_rect(canvas: tk.Canvas, x1, y1, x2, y2, radius, **kwargs):
-        points = [
-            x1 + radius,
-            y1,
-            x2 - radius,
-            y1,
-            x2,
-            y1,
-            x2,
-            y1 + radius,
-            x2,
-            y2 - radius,
-            x2,
-            y2,
-            x2 - radius,
-            y2,
-            x1 + radius,
-            y2,
-            x1,
-            y2,
-            x1,
-            y2 - radius,
-            x1,
-            y1 + radius,
-            x1,
-            y1,
-        ]
-        return canvas.create_polygon(points, smooth=True, splinesteps=24, **kwargs)
-
-    def _create_navigation_button(self, container, symbol: str, command, *, column: int) -> None:
-        palette = self._navigation_palette()
-        bg = palette["bg"]
-        fg = palette["fg"]
-        container.grid_rowconfigure(0, weight=1)
-        btn = tk.Button(
-            container,
-            text=symbol,
-            command=command,
-            font=("Segoe UI", 26, "bold"),
-            relief="flat",
-            borderwidth=0,
-            background=bg,
-            activebackground=bg,
-            highlightthickness=0,
-            fg=fg,
-            activeforeground=fg,
-            cursor="hand2",
-            width=2,
-        )
-        btn.grid(row=0, column=column, sticky="ns", padx=6)
-        self._nav_buttons.append(btn)
-
-    def _create_titlebar(self) -> None:
-        bar_bg = "#1f1f1f"
-        title_bar = tk.Frame(self.root, bg=bar_bg, relief="flat", height=34)
-        title_bar.pack(fill=tk.X, side=tk.TOP)
-        title_bar.pack_propagate(False)
-
-        logo = None
-        try:
-            from PIL import Image, ImageTk  # type: ignore
-            from importlib import resources
-
-            logo_resource = resources.files("app.assets").joinpath("logo.png")
-            with resources.as_file(logo_resource) as logo_path:
-                image = Image.open(logo_path).convert("RGBA")
-                image.thumbnail((26, 26))
-                logo = ImageTk.PhotoImage(image)
-        except Exception:
-            logo = None
-
-        if logo is not None:
-            logo_label = tk.Label(title_bar, image=logo, bg=bar_bg)
-            logo_label.image = logo  # keep reference
-            logo_label.pack(side=tk.LEFT, padx=(10, 6), pady=4)
-
-        title_label = tk.Label(
-            title_bar,
-            text="Interactive Color Range Analyzer",
-            bg=bar_bg,
-            fg="#f5f5f5",
-            font=("Segoe UI", 11, "bold"),
-            anchor="w",
-        )
-        title_label.pack(side=tk.LEFT, padx=6)
-
-        close_btn = tk.Button(
-            title_bar,
-            text="✕",
-            command=self._close_app,
-            bg=bar_bg,
-            fg="#f5f5f5",
-            activebackground="#ff3b30",
-            activeforeground="#ffffff",
-            borderwidth=0,
-            highlightthickness=0,
-            relief="flat",
-            font=("Segoe UI", 10, "bold"),
-            cursor="hand2",
-            width=3,
-        )
-        close_btn.pack(side=tk.RIGHT, padx=8, pady=4)
-
-        for widget in (title_bar, title_label):
-            widget.bind("<ButtonPress-1>", self._start_window_drag)
-            widget.bind("<B1-Motion>", self._perform_window_drag)
-
-    def _close_app(self) -> None:
-        try:
-            self.root.destroy()
-        except Exception:
-            pass
-
-    def _start_window_drag(self, event) -> None:
-        self._drag_offset = (event.x_root - self.root.winfo_rootx(), event.y_root - self.root.winfo_rooty())
-
-    def _perform_window_drag(self, event) -> None:
-        offset = getattr(self, "_drag_offset", None)
-        if offset is None:
-            return
-        x = event.x_root - offset[0]
-        y = event.y_root - offset[1]
-        self.root.geometry(f"+{x}+{y}")
-
-    def _maybe_focus_window(self, _event) -> None:
-        try:
-            self.root.focus_set()
-        except Exception:
-            pass
-
-    def _toolbar_palette(self) -> dict[str, str]:
-        is_dark = getattr(self, "theme", "light") == "dark"
-        if is_dark:
-            return {
-                "normal": "#2f2f35",
-                "hover": "#3a3a40",
-                "active": "#1f1f25",
-                "outline": "#4d4d50",
-                "outline_focus": "#7c7c88",
-                "text": "#f1f1f5",
-            }
-        return {
-            "normal": "#ffffff",
-            "hover": "#ededf4",
-            "active": "#dcdce6",
-            "outline": "#d0d0d8",
-            "outline_focus": "#a9a9b2",
-            "text": "#1f1f1f",
-        }
-
-    def _navigation_palette(self) -> dict[str, str]:
-        is_dark = getattr(self, "theme", "light") == "dark"
-        default_bg = "#0f0f10" if is_dark else "#ededf2"
-        bg = self.root.cget("bg") if hasattr(self.root, "cget") else default_bg
-        fg = "#f5f5f5" if is_dark else "#1f1f1f"
-        return {"bg": bg, "fg": fg}
-
-    def _refresh_toolbar_buttons_theme(self) -> None:
-        if not getattr(self, "_toolbar_buttons", None):
-            return
-        bg = self.root.cget("bg") if hasattr(self.root, "cget") else "#f2f2f7"
-        palette = self._toolbar_palette()
-        for data in self._toolbar_buttons:
-            canvas = data["canvas"]  # type: ignore[index]
-            rect_id = data["rect"]  # type: ignore[index]
-            text_id = data["text_id"]  # type: ignore[index]
-            data["palette"] = palette.copy()
-            canvas.configure(bg=bg)
-            canvas.itemconfigure(rect_id, fill=palette["normal"], outline=palette["outline"])
-            canvas.itemconfigure(text_id, fill=palette["text"])
-
-    def _refresh_navigation_buttons_theme(self) -> None:
-        if not getattr(self, "_nav_buttons", None):
-            return
-        palette = self._navigation_palette()
-        for btn in self._nav_buttons:
-            btn.configure(
-                background=palette["bg"],
-                activebackground=palette["bg"],
-                fg=palette["fg"],
-                activeforeground=palette["fg"],
-            )
-
-    def _refresh_status_palette(self, fg: str) -> None:
-        self.status.configure(foreground=fg)
-        self._status_palette["fg"] = fg
-
-    def _init_copy_menu(self):
-        self._copy_target = None
-        self.copy_menu = tk.Menu(self.root, tearoff=0)
-        self.copy_menu.add_command(label="Kopieren", command=self._copy_current_label)
-
-    def _attach_copy_menu(self, widget):
-        widget.bind("<Button-3>", lambda event, w=widget: self._show_copy_menu(event, w))
-        widget.bind("<Control-c>", lambda event, w=widget: self._copy_widget_text(w))
-
-    def _show_copy_menu(self, event, widget):
-        self._copy_target = widget
-        try:
-            self.copy_menu.tk_popup(event.x_root, event.y_root)
-        finally:
-            self.copy_menu.grab_release()
-
-    def _copy_current_label(self):
-        if self._copy_target is not None:
-            self._copy_widget_text(self._copy_target)
-
-    def _copy_widget_text(self, widget):
-        try:
-            text = widget.cget("text")
-        except Exception:
-            text = ""
-        if not text:
-            return
-        try:
-            self.root.clipboard_clear()
-            self.root.clipboard_append(text)
-        except Exception:
-            pass
-
-
-__all__ = ["UIBuilderMixin"]
+"""UI helpers and reusable Tk callbacks."""
+
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+import tkinter as tk
+import tkinter.font as tkfont
+from tkinter import ttk
+
+
+class UIBuilderMixin:
+    """Constructs the Tkinter UI and common widgets."""
+
+    def setup_ui(self) -> None:
+        self._create_titlebar()
+
+        toolbar = ttk.Frame(self.root)
+        toolbar.pack(fill=tk.X, padx=12, pady=(4, 2))
+        buttons = [
+            ("📂 Bild laden", self.load_image),
+            ("📁 Ordner laden", self.load_folder),
+            ("🎨 Farbe wählen", self.choose_color),
+            ("🖱 Farbe aus Bild klicken", self.enable_pick_mode),
+            ("💾 Overlay speichern", self.save_overlay),
+            ("🧹 Excludes löschen", self.clear_excludes),
+            ("↩ Letztes Exclude entfernen", self.undo_exclude),
+            ("🔄 Slider zurücksetzen", self.reset_sliders),
+            ("🌓 Theme umschalten", self.toggle_theme),
+        ]
+        self._toolbar_buttons: list[dict[str, object]] = []
+        self._nav_buttons: list[tk.Button] = []
+
+        buttons_frame = ttk.Frame(toolbar)
+        buttons_frame.pack(side=tk.LEFT)
+        for text, command in buttons:
+            self._add_toolbar_button(buttons_frame, text, command)
+
+        status_container = ttk.Frame(toolbar)
+        status_container.pack(side=tk.RIGHT, expand=True, fill=tk.X)
+        self.status = ttk.Label(
+            status_container,
+            text="Keine Datei geladen.",
+            anchor="e",
+            foreground="#efefef",
+        )
+        self.status.pack(fill=tk.X)
+        self._attach_copy_menu(self.status)
+        self.status_default_text = self.status.cget("text")
+        self._status_palette = {"fg": self.status.cget("foreground")}
+
+        palette_frame = ttk.Frame(self.root)
+        palette_frame.pack(fill=tk.X, padx=12, pady=(6, 8))
+        ttk.Label(palette_frame, text="Beispielfarben:").pack(side=tk.LEFT, padx=(0, 8))
+        swatch_container = ttk.Frame(palette_frame)
+        swatch_container.pack(side=tk.LEFT)
+        for name, hex_code in self._preset_colours():
+            self._add_palette_swatch(swatch_container, name, hex_code)
+
+        sliders_frame = ttk.Frame(self.root)
+        sliders_frame.pack(fill=tk.X, padx=12, pady=4)
+        sliders = [
+            ("Hue Min (°)", self.hue_min, 0, 360),
+            ("Hue Max (°)", self.hue_max, 0, 360),
+            ("Sättigung Min (%)", self.sat_min, 0, 100),
+            ("Helligkeit Min (%)", self.val_min, 0, 100),
+            ("Helligkeit Max (%)", self.val_max, 0, 100),
+            ("Overlay Alpha", self.alpha, 0, 255),
+        ]
+        for index, (label, variable, minimum, maximum) in enumerate(sliders):
+            self.add_slider_with_value(sliders_frame, label, variable, minimum, maximum, column=index)
+            sliders_frame.grid_columnconfigure(index, weight=1)
+
+        main = ttk.Frame(self.root)
+        main.pack(fill=tk.BOTH, expand=True, padx=12, pady=12)
+
+        left_column = ttk.Frame(main)
+        left_column.pack(side=tk.LEFT, fill=tk.BOTH, expand=True, padx=(0, 6))
+        left_column.grid_columnconfigure(1, weight=1)
+        left_column.grid_rowconfigure(0, weight=1)
+
+        self._create_navigation_button(left_column, "◀", self.show_previous_image, column=0)
+
+        self.canvas_orig = tk.Canvas(left_column, bg="#1e1e1e", highlightthickness=0, relief="flat")
+        self.canvas_orig.grid(row=0, column=1, sticky="nsew")
+        self.canvas_orig.bind("<Button-1>", self.on_canvas_click)
+        self.canvas_orig.bind("<ButtonPress-3>", self._exclude_start)
+        self.canvas_orig.bind("<B3-Motion>", self._exclude_drag)
+        self.canvas_orig.bind("<ButtonRelease-3>", self._exclude_end)
+
+        right_column = ttk.Frame(main)
+        right_column.pack(side=tk.RIGHT, fill=tk.BOTH, expand=True, padx=(6, 0))
+        right_column.grid_columnconfigure(0, weight=1)
+        right_column.grid_rowconfigure(0, weight=1)
+
+        self.canvas_overlay = tk.Canvas(right_column, bg="#1e1e1e", highlightthickness=0, relief="flat")
+        self.canvas_overlay.grid(row=0, column=0, sticky="nsew")
+        self._create_navigation_button(right_column, "▶", self.show_next_image, column=1)
+
+
+        info_frame = ttk.Frame(self.root)
+        info_frame.pack(fill=tk.X, padx=12, pady=(0, 12))
+        self.filename_label = ttk.Label(
+            info_frame,
+            text="—",
+            foreground="#f2c744",
+            font=("Segoe UI", 10, "bold"),
+            anchor="center",
+            justify="center",
+        )
+        self.filename_label.pack(anchor="center")
+        self._attach_copy_menu(self.filename_label)
+
+        self.ratio_label = ttk.Label(
+            info_frame,
+            text="Treffer (mit Excludes): —",
+            foreground="#f2c744",
+            font=("Segoe UI", 10, "bold"),
+            anchor="center",
+            justify="center",
+        )
+        self.ratio_label.pack(anchor="center", pady=(4, 0))
+        self._attach_copy_menu(self.ratio_label)
+
+        self.root.bind("<Escape>", self.disable_pick_mode)
+        self.root.bind("<ButtonPress-1>", self._maybe_focus_window)
+
+    def add_slider_with_value(self, parent, text, var, minimum, maximum, column=0):
+        cell = ttk.Frame(parent)
+        cell.grid(row=0, column=column, sticky="we", padx=6)
+        header = ttk.Frame(cell)
+        header.pack(fill="x")
+        name_lbl = ttk.Label(header, text=text)
+        name_lbl.pack(side="left")
+        self._attach_copy_menu(name_lbl)
+        val_lbl = ttk.Label(header, text=f"{float(var.get()):.0f}")
+        val_lbl.pack(side="right")
+        self._attach_copy_menu(val_lbl)
+        style_name = getattr(self, "scale_style", "Horizontal.TScale")
+        ttk.Scale(
+            cell,
+            from_=minimum,
+            to=maximum,
+            orient="horizontal",
+            variable=var,
+            style=style_name,
+            command=self.on_slider_change,
+        ).pack(fill="x", pady=(2, 8))
+
+        def on_var_change(*_):
+            val_lbl.config(text=f"{float(var.get()):.0f}")
+
+        try:
+            var.trace_add("write", on_var_change)
+        except Exception:
+            var.trace("w", lambda *_: on_var_change())  # type: ignore[attr-defined]
+
+    def on_slider_change(self, *_):
+        if self._update_job is not None:
+            try:
+                self.root.after_cancel(self._update_job)
+            except Exception:
+                pass
+        self._update_job = self.root.after(self.update_delay_ms, self.update_preview)
+
+    def _preset_colours(self):
+        return [
+            ("Rot", "#ff3b30"),
+            ("Orange", "#ff9500"),
+            ("Gelb", "#ffd60a"),
+            ("Grün", "#34c759"),
+            ("Türkis", "#5ac8fa"),
+            ("Blau", "#0a84ff"),
+            ("Violett", "#af52de"),
+            ("Magenta", "#ff2d55"),
+            ("Weiß", "#ffffff"),
+            ("Grau", "#8e8e93"),
+            ("Schwarz", "#000000"),
+        ]
+
+    def _add_palette_swatch(self, parent, name: str, hex_code: str) -> None:
+        swatch = tk.Canvas(
+            parent,
+            width=24,
+            height=24,
+            highlightthickness=0,
+            background=hex_code,
+            bd=0,
+            relief="flat",
+            takefocus=1,
+            cursor="hand2",
+        )
+        swatch.pack(side=tk.LEFT, padx=4, pady=2)
+
+        def trigger(_event=None, colour=hex_code, label=name):
+            self.apply_sample_colour(colour, label)
+
+        swatch.bind("<Button-1>", trigger)
+        swatch.bind("<space>", trigger)
+        swatch.bind("<Return>", trigger)
+        swatch.bind("<Enter>", lambda _e: swatch.configure(cursor="hand2"))
+        swatch.bind("<Leave>", lambda _e: swatch.configure(cursor="arrow"))
+
+    def _add_toolbar_button(self, parent, text: str, command) -> None:
+        font = tkfont.Font(root=self.root, family="Segoe UI", size=9)
+        padding_x = 18
+        width = font.measure(text) + padding_x * 2
+        height = 28
+        radius = 9
+        bg = self.root.cget("bg") if hasattr(self.root, "cget") else "#f2f2f7"
+        canvas = tk.Canvas(
+            parent,
+            width=width,
+            height=height,
+            bd=0,
+            highlightthickness=0,
+            bg=bg,
+            relief="flat",
+            cursor="hand2",
+            takefocus=1,
+        )
+        canvas.pack(side=tk.LEFT, padx=4, pady=1)
+
+        palette = self._toolbar_palette()
+        rect_id = self._create_round_rect(
+            canvas,
+            1,
+            1,
+            width - 1,
+            height - 1,
+            radius,
+            fill=palette["normal"],
+            outline=palette["outline"],
+            width=1,
+        )
+        text_id = canvas.create_text(
+            width / 2,
+            height / 2,
+            text=text,
+            font=font,
+            fill=palette["text"],
+        )
+
+        button_data = {
+            "canvas": canvas,
+            "rect": rect_id,
+            "text_id": text_id,
+            "command": command,
+            "palette": palette.copy(),
+            "dimensions": (width, height, radius),
+        }
+        self._toolbar_buttons.append(button_data)
+
+        def set_fill(state: str) -> None:
+            pal: dict[str, str] = button_data["palette"]  # type: ignore[index]
+            canvas.itemconfigure(rect_id, fill=pal[state])  # type: ignore[index]
+
+        def execute():
+            command()
+
+        def on_press(_event=None):
+            set_fill("active")
+
+        def on_release(event=None):
+            if event is not None and (
+                event.x < 0 or event.y < 0 or event.x > width or event.y > height
+            ):
+                set_fill("normal")
+                return
+            set_fill("hover")
+            self.root.after_idle(execute)
+
+        def on_enter(_event):
+            set_fill("hover")
+
+        def on_leave(_event):
+            set_fill("normal")
+
+        def on_focus_in(_event):
+            pal: dict[str, str] = button_data["palette"]  # type: ignore[index]
+            canvas.itemconfigure(rect_id, outline=pal["outline_focus"])  # type: ignore[index]
+
+        def on_focus_out(_event):
+            pal: dict[str, str] = button_data["palette"]  # type: ignore[index]
+            canvas.itemconfigure(rect_id, outline=pal["outline"])  # type: ignore[index]
+
+        def invoke_keyboard(_event=None):
+            set_fill("active")
+            canvas.after(120, lambda: set_fill("hover"))
+            self.root.after_idle(execute)
+
+        canvas.bind("<ButtonPress-1>", on_press)
+        canvas.bind("<ButtonRelease-1>", on_release)
+        canvas.bind("<Enter>", on_enter)
+        canvas.bind("<Leave>", on_leave)
+        canvas.bind("<FocusIn>", on_focus_in)
+        canvas.bind("<FocusOut>", on_focus_out)
+        canvas.bind("<space>", invoke_keyboard)
+        canvas.bind("<Return>", invoke_keyboard)
+
+    @staticmethod
+    def _create_round_rect(canvas: tk.Canvas, x1, y1, x2, y2, radius, **kwargs):
+        points = [
+            x1 + radius,
+            y1,
+            x2 - radius,
+            y1,
+            x2,
+            y1,
+            x2,
+            y1 + radius,
+            x2,
+            y2 - radius,
+            x2,
+            y2,
+            x2 - radius,
+            y2,
+            x1 + radius,
+            y2,
+            x1,
+            y2,
+            x1,
+            y2 - radius,
+            x1,
+            y1 + radius,
+            x1,
+            y1,
+        ]
+        return canvas.create_polygon(points, smooth=True, splinesteps=24, **kwargs)
+
+    def _create_navigation_button(self, container, symbol: str, command, *, column: int) -> None:
+        palette = self._navigation_palette()
+        bg = palette["bg"]
+        fg = palette["fg"]
+        container.grid_rowconfigure(0, weight=1)
+        btn = tk.Button(
+            container,
+            text=symbol,
+            command=command,
+            font=("Segoe UI", 26, "bold"),
+            relief="flat",
+            borderwidth=0,
+            background=bg,
+            activebackground=bg,
+            highlightthickness=0,
+            fg=fg,
+            activeforeground=fg,
+            cursor="hand2",
+            width=2,
+        )
+        btn.grid(row=0, column=column, sticky="ns", padx=6)
+        self._nav_buttons.append(btn)
+
+    def _create_titlebar(self) -> None:
+        bar_bg = "#1f1f1f"
+        title_bar = tk.Frame(self.root, bg=bar_bg, relief="flat", height=34)
+        title_bar.pack(fill=tk.X, side=tk.TOP)
+        title_bar.pack_propagate(False)
+
+        logo = None
+        try:
+            from PIL import Image, ImageTk  # type: ignore
+            from importlib import resources
+
+            logo_resource = resources.files("app.assets").joinpath("logo.png")
+            with resources.as_file(logo_resource) as logo_path:
+                image = Image.open(logo_path).convert("RGBA")
+                image.thumbnail((26, 26))
+                logo = ImageTk.PhotoImage(image)
+        except Exception:
+            logo = None
+
+        if logo is not None:
+            logo_label = tk.Label(title_bar, image=logo, bg=bar_bg)
+            logo_label.image = logo  # keep reference
+            logo_label.pack(side=tk.LEFT, padx=(10, 6), pady=4)
+
+        title_label = tk.Label(
+            title_bar,
+            text="Interactive Color Range Analyzer",
+            bg=bar_bg,
+            fg="#f5f5f5",
+            font=("Segoe UI", 11, "bold"),
+            anchor="w",
+        )
+        title_label.pack(side=tk.LEFT, padx=6)
+
+        close_btn = tk.Button(
+            title_bar,
+            text="✕",
+            command=self._close_app,
+            bg=bar_bg,
+            fg="#f5f5f5",
+            activebackground="#ff3b30",
+            activeforeground="#ffffff",
+            borderwidth=0,
+            highlightthickness=0,
+            relief="flat",
+            font=("Segoe UI", 10, "bold"),
+            cursor="hand2",
+            width=3,
+        )
+        close_btn.pack(side=tk.RIGHT, padx=8, pady=4)
+
+        for widget in (title_bar, title_label):
+            widget.bind("<ButtonPress-1>", self._start_window_drag)
+            widget.bind("<B1-Motion>", self._perform_window_drag)
+
+    def _close_app(self) -> None:
+        try:
+            self.root.destroy()
+        except Exception:
+            pass
+
+    def _start_window_drag(self, event) -> None:
+        self._drag_offset = (event.x_root - self.root.winfo_rootx(), event.y_root - self.root.winfo_rooty())
+
+    def _perform_window_drag(self, event) -> None:
+        offset = getattr(self, "_drag_offset", None)
+        if offset is None:
+            return
+        x = event.x_root - offset[0]
+        y = event.y_root - offset[1]
+        self.root.geometry(f"+{x}+{y}")
+
+    def _maybe_focus_window(self, _event) -> None:
+        try:
+            self.root.focus_set()
+        except Exception:
+            pass
+
+    def _toolbar_palette(self) -> dict[str, str]:
+        is_dark = getattr(self, "theme", "light") == "dark"
+        if is_dark:
+            return {
+                "normal": "#2f2f35",
+                "hover": "#3a3a40",
+                "active": "#1f1f25",
+                "outline": "#4d4d50",
+                "outline_focus": "#7c7c88",
+                "text": "#f1f1f5",
+            }
+        return {
+            "normal": "#ffffff",
+            "hover": "#ededf4",
+            "active": "#dcdce6",
+            "outline": "#d0d0d8",
+            "outline_focus": "#a9a9b2",
+            "text": "#1f1f1f",
+        }
+
+    def _navigation_palette(self) -> dict[str, str]:
+        is_dark = getattr(self, "theme", "light") == "dark"
+        default_bg = "#0f0f10" if is_dark else "#ededf2"
+        bg = self.root.cget("bg") if hasattr(self.root, "cget") else default_bg
+        fg = "#f5f5f5" if is_dark else "#1f1f1f"
+        return {"bg": bg, "fg": fg}
+
+    def _refresh_toolbar_buttons_theme(self) -> None:
+        if not getattr(self, "_toolbar_buttons", None):
+            return
+        bg = self.root.cget("bg") if hasattr(self.root, "cget") else "#f2f2f7"
+        palette = self._toolbar_palette()
+        for data in self._toolbar_buttons:
+            canvas = data["canvas"]  # type: ignore[index]
+            rect_id = data["rect"]  # type: ignore[index]
+            text_id = data["text_id"]  # type: ignore[index]
+            data["palette"] = palette.copy()
+            canvas.configure(bg=bg)
+            canvas.itemconfigure(rect_id, fill=palette["normal"], outline=palette["outline"])
+            canvas.itemconfigure(text_id, fill=palette["text"])
+
+    def _refresh_navigation_buttons_theme(self) -> None:
+        if not getattr(self, "_nav_buttons", None):
+            return
+        palette = self._navigation_palette()
+        for btn in self._nav_buttons:
+            btn.configure(
+                background=palette["bg"],
+                activebackground=palette["bg"],
+                fg=palette["fg"],
+                activeforeground=palette["fg"],
+            )
+
+    def _refresh_status_palette(self, fg: str) -> None:
+        self.status.configure(foreground=fg)
+        self._status_palette["fg"] = fg
+
+    def _init_copy_menu(self):
+        self._copy_target = None
+        self.copy_menu = tk.Menu(self.root, tearoff=0)
+        self.copy_menu.add_command(label="Kopieren", command=self._copy_current_label)
+
+    def _attach_copy_menu(self, widget):
+        widget.bind("<Button-3>", lambda event, w=widget: self._show_copy_menu(event, w))
+        widget.bind("<Control-c>", lambda event, w=widget: self._copy_widget_text(w))
+
+    def _show_copy_menu(self, event, widget):
+        self._copy_target = widget
+        try:
+            self.copy_menu.tk_popup(event.x_root, event.y_root)
+        finally:
+            self.copy_menu.grab_release()
+
+    def _copy_current_label(self):
+        if self._copy_target is not None:
+            self._copy_widget_text(self._copy_target)
+
+    def _copy_widget_text(self, widget):
+        try:
+            text = widget.cget("text")
+        except Exception:
+            text = ""
+        if not text:
+            return
+        try:
+            self.root.clipboard_clear()
+            self.root.clipboard_append(text)
+        except Exception:
+            pass
+
+
+__all__ = ["UIBuilderMixin"]